SunOS man pages : newfs (1)
Maintenance Commands newfs(1M)
NAME
newfs - construct a new UFS file system
SYNOPSIS
newfs [ -Nv ] [ mkfs-options ] raw-device
DESCRIPTION
newfs is a "friendly" front-end to the mkfs(1M) program for
making UFS file systems on disk partitions. newfs calculates
the appropriate parameters to use and calls mkfs.
If run interactively (that is, standard input is a tty),
newfs will prompt for confirmation before making the file
system.
If the -N option is not specified and the inodes of the dev-
ice are not randomized, newfs will call fsirand(1M).
You must be super-user to use this command, except when
creating a UFS file system on a diskette (see EXAMPLES).
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-N Print out the file system parameters that would be
used in creating the file system without actually
creating the file system. fsirand(1M) is not called
here.
-v Verbose. newfs prints out its actions, including the
parameters passed to mkfs.
mkfs-options
Options that override the default parameters are:
-a apc
The number of alternate blocks per cylinder
(SCSI devices only) to reserve for bad block
replacement. The default is 0.
-b bsize
The logical block size of the file system in
bytes (either 4096 or 8192). The default is
8192. The sun4u architecture does not support
the 4096 block size.
-c cgsize
The number of cylinders per cylinder group
(ranging from 16 to 256). The default is calcu-
lated by dividing the number of sectors in the
file system by the number of sectors in a giga-
byte, and then multiplying the result by 32. The
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Maintenance Commands newfs(1M)
default value will always be between 16 and 256.
mkfs may override this value. See mkfs_ufs(1M)
for details.
-d gap
Rotational delay. The expected time (in mil-
liseconds) to service a transfer completion
interrupt and initiate a new transfer on the
same disk. It is used to decide how much rota-
tional spacing to place between successive
blocks in a file. This parameter can be subse-
quently changed using the tunefs(1M) command.
The default is disk-type dependent.
-f fragsize
The smallest amount of disk space in bytes to
allocate to a file. The values must be a power
of two selected from the range 512 to the logi-
cal block size. If logical block size is 4096,
legal values are 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096; if
logical block size is 8192, 8192 is also a legal
value. The default is 1024.
-i nbpi
The number of bytes per inode. This specifies
the density of inodes in the file system. The
number is divided into the total size of the
file system to determine the fixed number of
inodes to create. It should reflect the expected
average size of files in the file system. If
fewer inodes are desired, a larger number should
be used; to create more inodes a smaller number
should be given. The default for nbpi is as fol-
lows:.
Disk size Density
-1GB 2048
-2GB 4096
-3GB 6144
3GB- 8192
-m free
The minimum percentage of free space to maintain
in the file system (between 1% and 99%,
inclusively). This space is off-limits to normal
users. Once the file system is filled to this
threshold, only the super-user can continue
writing to the file system. This parameter can
be subsequently changed using the tunefs(1M)
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Maintenance Commands newfs(1M)
command.
The default is ((64 Mbytes/partition size) *
100), rounded down to the nearest integer and
limited between 1% and 10%, inclusively.
-n nrpos
The number of different rotational positions in
which to divide a cylinder group. The default is
8.
-o opt
(space or time). The file system can either be
instructed to try to minimize the time spent
allocating blocks, or to try to minimize the
space fragmentation on the disk. The default is
time.
-r rpm
The speed of the disk in revolutions per minute.
The default is 3600.
-s size
The size of the file system in sectors. The
default is to use the entire partition.
-t ntrack
The number of tracks per cylinder on the disk.
The default is taken from the disk label.
-C maxcontig
The maximum number of blocks, belonging to one
file, that will be allocated contiguously before
inserting a rotational delay. The default is
determined from the disk drives maximum transfer
rate. The maximum maxcontig that UFS supports is
1048576. This parameter can be subsequently
changed using the tunefs(1M) command.
This parameter also controls clustering. Regard-
less of the value of gap, clustering is enabled
only when maxcontig is greater than 1. Cluster-
ing allows higher I/O rates for sequential I/O
and is described in tunefs(1M).
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
raw-device
The name of a raw special device residing in /dev/rdsk
(for example, /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6) on which to create
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Maintenance Commands newfs(1M)
the file system.
USAGE
See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of
newfs when encountering files greater than or equal to 2
Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Verbosely displaying the parameters for the raw
special device.
The following example verbosely displays the parameters for
the raw special device, c0t0d0s6, but does not actually
create a new file system:
example# newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6
mkfs -F ufs -o N /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6 1112940 54 15 8192 1024 16 10 60
2048 t 0 -1 8 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6: 1112940 sectors in
1374 cylinders of 15 tracks, 54 sectors 569.8MB in 86 cyl
groups (16 c/g, 6.64MB/g, 3072 i/g) super-block backups
(for fsck -b #) at:
32, 13056, 26080, 39104, 52128, 65152, 78176, 91200, 104224, ...
Example 2: Creating a UFS file system.
The following example uses the command to create a UFS file
system on a diskette that is managed by Volume Manager.
example% newfs /vol/dev/aliases/floppy0
newfs: construct a new file system /vol/dev/aliases/floppy0: (y/n)? y
/vol/dev/aliases/floppy0: 2880 sectors in 80 cylinders of 2 tracks,
18 sectors 1.4MB in 5 cyl groups (16 c/g, 0.28MB/g, 128 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -F ufs -o b=#) at:
32, 640, 1184, 1792, 2336, ...
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 The operation was successful.
1, 10 Usage error or internal error. A message is output to
STDERR explaining the error.
Other exit values may be returned by mkfs(1M), which is
called by newfs.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
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Maintenance Commands newfs(1M)
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
fsck(1M), fsck_ufs(1M), fsirand(1M), mkfs(1M), mkfs_ufs(1M),
tunefs(1M), fs_ufs(4), attributes(5), largefile(5)
DIAGNOSTICS
newfs: No such file or directory
The device specified does not exist, or a disk parti-
tion was not specified.
special: cannot open
You must be super-user to use this command.
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