SunOS man pages : netstat (1)
Maintenance Commands netstat(1M)
NAME
netstat - show network status
SYNOPSIS
netstat [ -anv ] [ -f address_family ]
netstat [ -g | -p | -s ] [ -n ] [ -f address_family ] [
-P protocol ]
netstat -m
netstat -i [ -I interface ] [ -an ] [ -f address_family ]
[ interval ]
netstat -r [ -anv ] [ -f address_family ]
netstat -M [ -ns ] [ -f address_family ]
netstat -D [ -I interface ] [ -f address_family ]
DESCRIPTION
netstat displays the contents of certain network-related
data structures in various formats, depending on the options
you select.
The first form of the command displays a list of active
sockets for each protocol. The second form selects one from
among various other network data structures. The third form
shows the state of the interfaces. The fourth form displays
the routing table, the fifth form displays the multicast
routing table, and the sixth form displays the state of DHCP
on one or all interfaces.
With no arguments, netstat prints connected sockets for
PF_INET, PF_INET6, and PF_UNIX, unless modified otherwise by
the -f option.
OPTIONS
-a Show the state of all sockets, all routing table
entries, or all interfaces, both physical and logical.
Normally, sockets used by server processes are not
shown. Only interface, host, network, and default
routes are shown. Also, only the status of physical
interfaces are shown.
-f address_family
Limit all displays to those of the specified
address_family. The value of address_family can be one
of the following:
inet For the AF_INET address family showing IPv4
information.
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Maintenance Commands netstat(1M)
inet6 For the AF_INET6 address family showing IPv6
information.
unix For the AF_UNIX address family.
-g Show the multicast group memberships for all inter-
faces.
-i Show the state of the interfaces that are used for IP
traffic. Normally this shows status and statistics for
the physical interfaces. When combined with the -a
option, this will also report information for the log-
ical interfaces. See ifconfig(1M).
-m Show the STREAMS statistics.
-n Show network addresses as numbers. netstat normally
displays addresses as symbols. This option may be used
with any of the display formats.
-p Show the net to media tables.
-r Show the routing tables. Normally, only interface,
host, network, and default routes are shown, but when
this option is combined with the -a option, all routes
will be printed, including cache.
-s Show per-protocol statistics. When used with the -M
option, show multicast routing statistics instead.
When used with the -a option, per-interface statistics
will be displayed, when available, in addition to
statistics global to the system.
-v Verbose. Show additional information for the sockets
and the routing table.
-I interface
Show the state of a particular interface. interface
can be any valid interface such as hme0 or le0. Nor-
mally, the status and statistics for physical inter-
faces are displayed. When this option is combined with
the -a option, information for the logical interfaces
is also reported.
-M Show the multicast routing tables. When used with the
-s option, show multicast routing statistics instead.
-P protocol
Limit display of statistics or state of all sockets to
those applicable to protocol. The protocol can be one
of ip, ipv6, icmp, icmpv6, igmp, udp, tcp, rawip. The
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Maintenance Commands netstat(1M)
command accepts protocol options only as all lower-
case.
-D Show the status of DHCP configured interfaces.
OPERANDS
interval
If interval is specified, netstat displays interface
information over the last interval seconds, repeating
forever.
DISPLAYS
Active Sockets (First Form)
The display for each active socket shows the local and
remote address, the send and receive queue sizes (in bytes),
the send and receive windows (in bytes), and the internal
state of the protocol.
The symbolic format normally used to display socket
addresses is either
hostname.port
when the name of the host is specified, or
network.port
if a socket address specifies a network but no specific
host.
The numeric host address or network number associated with
the socket is used to look up the corresponding symbolic
hostname or network name in the hosts or networks database.
If the network or hostname for an address is not known, or
if the -n option is specified, the numerical network address
is shown. Unspecified, or "wildcard", addresses and ports
appear as "*". For more information regarding the Internet
naming conventions, refer to inet(7P) and inet6(7P).
TCP Sockets
The possible state values for TCP sockets are as follows:
BOUND Bound, ready to connect or listen.
CLOSED
Closed. The socket is not being used.
CLOSING
Closed, then remote shutdown; awaiting acknowledgment.
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CLOSE_WAIT
Remote shutdown; waiting for the socket to close.
ESTABLISHED
Connection has been established.
FIN_WAIT_1
Socket closed; shutting down connection.
FIN_WAIT_2
Socket closed; waiting for shutdown from remote.
IDLE Idle, opened but not bound.
LAST_ACK
Remote shutdown, then closed; awaiting acknowledgment.
LISTEN
Listening for incoming connections.
SYN_RECEIVED
Initial synchronization of the connection under way.
SYN_SENT
Actively trying to establish connection.
TIME_WAIT
Wait after close for remote shutdown retransmission.
Network Data Structures (Second Form)
The form of the display depends upon which of the -g, -m,
-p, or -s options you select.
-g Displays the list of multicast group membership.
-m Displays the memory usage, for example, STREAMS mblks.
-p Displays the net to media mapping table. For IPv4,
the address resolution table is displayed. See
arp(1M). For IPv6, the neighbor cache is displayed.
-s Displays the statistics for the various protocol
layers.
The statistics use the MIB specified variables. The defined
values for ipForwarding are:
forwarding(1)
Acting as a gateway.
not-forwarding(2)
Not acting as a gateway.
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The IPv6 and ICMPv6 protocol layers maintain per-interface
statistics. If the -a option is specified with the -s
option, then the per-interface statistics as well as the
total sums are displayed. Otherwise, just the sum of the
statistics are shown.
If you specify more than one of these options, netstat
displays the information for each one of them.
Interface Status (Third Form)
The interface status display lists information for all
current interfaces, one interface per line. If an interface
is specified using the -I option, it displays information
for only the specified interface.
The list consists of the interface name, mtu (maximum
transmission unit, or maximum packet size)(see
ifconfig(1M)), the network to which the interface is
attached, addresses for each interface, and counter associ-
ated with the interface. The counters show the number of
input packets, input errors, output packets, output errors,
and collisions, respectively. For Point-to-Point interfaces,
the Net/Dest field is the name or address on the other side
of the link.
If the -a optionis specified with either the -i option or
the -I option, then the output includes additional informa-
tion about the physical interface(s), input packets, input
packets and output packets for each logical interface, for
example the local IP address, associated with the physical
interface(s).
If the -n option is specified, the list displays the IP
address instead of the interface name.
If an optional interval is specified, the output will be
continuously displayed in interval seconds until inter-
rupted by the user.
The input interface is specified using the -I option. In
this case, the list only displays traffic information in
columns; the specified interface is first, the total count
is second. This column list has the format of:
input le0 output input (Total) output
packets errs packets errs colls packets errs packets errs colls
227681 0 659471 1 502 261331 0 99597 1 502
10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0
10 0 2 0 0 10 0 2 0 0
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If the input interface is not specified, the first interface
of address family inet or inet6 will be displayed.
Routing Table (Fourth Form)
The routing table display lists the available routes and the
status of each. Each route consists of a destination host or
network, and a gateway to use in forwarding packets. The
flags column shows the status of the route (U if "up"),
whether the route is to a gateway (G), and whether the route
was created dynamically by a redirect (D). If the -a option
is specified, there will be routing entries with flags for
combined routing and address resolution entries (A), broad-
cast addresses (B), and the local addresses for the host
(L).
Interface routes are created for each interface attached to
the local host; the gateway field for such entries shows the
address of the outgoing interface.
The use column displays the number of packets sent using a
combined routing and address resolution (A) or a broadcast
(B) route. For a local (L) route, this count is the number
of packets received, and for all other routes it is the
number of times the routing entry has been used to create a
new combined route and address resolution entry.
The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized
for the route.
Multicast Routing Tables (Fifth Form)
The multicast routing table consists of the virtual inter-
face table and the actual routing table.
DHCP Interface Information (Sixth Form)
The DHCP interface information consists of the interface
name, its current state, lease information, packet counts,
and a list of flags.
The states correlate with the specifications set forth in
RFC 2131.
Lease information includes:
o when the lease began;
o when lease renewal will begin; and
o when the lease will expire.
The flags currently defined include:
BOOTP The interface has a lease obtained through BOOTP.
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BUSY The interface is busy with a DHCP transaction.
PRIMARY
The interface is the primary interface. See
dhcpinfo(1).
FAILED
The interface is in failure state and must be
manually restarted.
Packet counts are maintained for the number of packets sent,
the number of packets received, and the number of lease
offers declined by the DHCP client. All three counters are
initialized at zero and then incremented while obtaining a
lease. The counters are reset when the period of lease
renewal begins for the interface. Thus, the counters
represent either the number of packets sent, received, and
declined while obtaining the current lease, or the number of
packets sent, received, and declined while attempting to
obtain a future lease.
FILES
/etc/default/inet_type
DEFAULT_IP setting
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
dhcpinfo(1),arp(1M), crash(1M), dhcpagent(1M), ifconfig(1M),
iostat(1M), mibiisa(1M), savecore(1M), vmstat(1M), hosts(4),
inet_type(4), networks(4), protocols(4), services(4), attributes(5)
, inet(7P), inet6(7P)
Droms, R., RFC 2131, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,
Network Working Group, March 1997.
NOTES
When printing interface information, netstat honors the
DEFAULT_IP setting in /etc/default/inet_type. If it is set
to IP_VERSION4, then netstat will omit information relating
to IPv6 interfaces, statistics, connections, routes and the
like.
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Maintenance Commands netstat(1M)
However you can override the DEFAULT_IP setting in
/etc/default/inet_type on the command-line. For example, if
you have used the command-line to explicitly request IPv6
information by using the inet6 address family or one of the
IPv6 protocols, it will override the DEFAULT_IP setting.
If you need to examine network status information following
a kernel crash, use the crash(1M) utility on the
savecore(1M) output.
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