FSF                                                         LS(1)

NAME
     ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
     ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
     List information about the FILEs (the current  directory  by
     default).   Sort  entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX
     nor --sort.

     -a, --all
          do not hide entries starting with .

     -A, --almost-all
          do not list implied . and ..

     -b, --escape
          print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

     --block-size=SIZE
          use SIZE-byte blocks

     -B, --ignore-backups
          do not list implied entries ending with ~

     -c   with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modif-
          ication of file status information) with -l: show ctime
          and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime

     -C   list entries by columns

     --color[=WHEN]
          control whether  color  is  used  to  distinguish  file
          types.  WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'

     -d, --directory
          list directory entries instead of contents

     -D, --dired
          generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

     -f   do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

     -F, --classify
          append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

     --format=WORD
          across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long  -l,  single-
          column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

     --full-time

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FSF                                                         LS(1)

          list both full date and full time

     -g   (ignored)

     -G, --no-group
          inhibit display of group information

     -h, --human-readable
          print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

     --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

     -H   same as `--si' for now; soon to change  to  conform  to
          POSIX

names:
     --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to  entry
          none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

     -i, --inode
          print index number of each file

     -I, --ignore=PATTERN
          do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

     -k, --kilobytes
          like --block-size=1024

     -l   use a long listing format

     -L, --dereference
          list entries pointed to by symbolic links

     -m   fill width with a comma separated list of entries

     -n, --numeric-uid-gid
          list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names

     -N, --literal
          print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control charac-
          ters specially)

     -o   use long listing format without group info

     -p, --file-type
          append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

     -q, --hide-control-chars
          print ? instead of non graphic characters

     --show-control-chars
          show  non  graphic  characters  as-is  (default  unless

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FSF                                                         LS(1)

          program is `ls' and output is a terminal)

     -Q, --quote-name
          enclose entry names in double quotes

     --quoting-style=WORD
          use quoting  style  WORD  for  entry  names:   literal,
          locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

     -r, --reverse
          reverse order while sorting

     -R, --recursive
          list subdirectories recursively

     -s, --size
          print size of each file, in blocks

     -S   sort by file size

     --sort=WORD
          extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

          status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

     --time=WORD
          show time as WORD instead of modification time:  atime,
          access,  use,  ctime  or  status; use specified time as
          sort key if --sort=time

     -t   sort by modification time

     -T, --tabsize=COLS
          assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

     -u   with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l:  show
          access  time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access
          time

     -U   do not sort; list entries in directory order

     -v   sort by version

     -w, --width=COLS
          assume screen width instead of current value

     -x   list entries by lines instead of by columns

     -X   sort alphabetically by entry extension

     -1   list one file per line

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FSF                                                         LS(1)

     --help
          display this help and exit

     --version
          output version information and exit

     By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files.
     That is equivalent to using --color=none.  Using the --color
     option without the optional WHEN argument is  equivalent  to
     using  --color=always.   With  --color=auto, color codes are
     output only if standard output is connected  to  a  terminal
     (tty).

AUTHOR
     Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
     Report bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
     Copyright O 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     This is free software; see the  source  for  copying  condi-
     tions.   There  is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY
     or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
     The full documentation for ls is  maintained  as  a  Texinfo
     manual.   If the info and ls programs are properly installed
     at your site, the command

          info ls

     should give you access to the complete manual.

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