SunOS man pages : curses (3)
Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
NAME
curses - CRT screen handling and optimization package
SYNOPSIS
cc [ flag... ] file...- lcurses [ library... ]
#include <curses.h>
DESCRIPTION
The curses library routines give the user a terminal-
independent method of updating character screens with rea-
sonable optimization.
The curses package allows: overall screen, window and pad
manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading terminal
input; control over terminal and curses input and output
options; environment query routines; color manipulation; use
of soft label keys; terminfo access; and access to low-level
curses routines.
To initialize the routines, the routine initscr() or
newterm() must be called before any of the other routines
that deal with windows and screens are used. The routine
endwin() must be called before exiting. To get character-
at-a-time input without echoing (most interactive, screen
oriented programs want this), the following sequence should
be used:
initscr,cbreak,noecho;
Most programs would additionally use the sequence:
nonl,intrflush(stdscr,FALSE),keypad(stdscr,TRUE);
Before a curses program is run, the tab stops of the termi-
nal should be set and its initialization strings, if
defined, must be output. This can be done by executing the
tput init command after the shell environment variable TERM
has been exported. (See terminfo(4) for further details.)
The curses library permits manipulation of data structures,
called windows, which can be thought of as two-dimensional
arrays of characters representing all or part of a CRT
screen. A default window called stdscr, which is the size of
the terminal screen, is supplied. Others may be created with
newwin(3CURSES).
Windows are referred to by variables declared as WINDOW *.
These data structures are manipulated with routines
described on 3X pages (whose names begin "curs_"). Among
which the most basic routines are move(3CURSES) and
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
addch(3CURSES). More general versions of these routines are
included with names beginning with w, allowing the user to
specify a window. The routines not beginning with w affect
stdscr.
After using routines to manipulate a window,
refresh(3CURSES) is called, telling curses to make the
user's CRT screen look like stdscr. The characters in a win-
dow are actually of type chtype, (character and attribute
data) so that other information about the character may also
be stored with each character.
Special windows called pads may also be manipulated. These
are windows which are not constrained to the size of the
screen and whose contents need not be completely displayed.
See curs_pad(3CURSES) for more information.
In addition to drawing characters on the screen, video
attributes and colors may be included, causing the charac-
ters to show up in such modes as underlined, in reverse
video, or in color on terminals that support such display
enhancements. Line drawing characters may be specified to be
output. On input, curses is also able to translate arrow and
function keys that transmit escape sequences into single
values. The video attributes, line drawing characters, and
input values use names, defined in <curses.h>, such as
A_REVERSE, ACS_HLINE, and KEY_LEFT.
If the environment variables LINES and COLUMNS are set, or
if the program is executing in a window environment, line
and column information in the environment will override
information read by terminfo. This would effect a program
running in an AT&T 630 layer, for example, where the size of
a screen is changeable.
If the environment variable TERMINFO is defined, any program
using curses checks for a local terminal definition before
checking in the standard place. For example, if TERM is set
to att4424, then the compiled terminal definition is found
in
/usr/share/lib/terminfo/a/att4424.
(The `a' is copied from the first letter of att4424 to avoid
creation of huge directories.) However, if TERMINFO is set
to $HOME/myterms, curses first checks
$HOME/myterms/a/att4424,
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
and if that fails, it then checks
/usr/share/lib/terminfo/a/att4424.
This is useful for developing experimental definitions or
when write permission in /usr/share/lib/terminfo is not
available.
The integer variables LINES and COLS are defined in
<curses.h> and will be filled in by initscr with the size of
the screen. The constants TRUE and FALSE have the values 1
and 0, respectively.
The curses routines also define the WINDOW * variable curscr
which is used for certain low-level operations like clearing
and redrawing a screen containing garbage. The curscr can be
used in only a few routines.
International Functions
The number of bytes and the number of columns to hold a
character from the supplementary character set is locale-
specific (locale category LC_CTYPE) and can be specified in
the character class table.
For editing, operating at the character level is entirely
appropriate. For screen formatting, arbitrary movement of
characters on screen is not desirable.
Overwriting characters (addch, for example) operates on a
screen level. Overwriting a character by a character that
requires a different number of columns may produce orphaned
columns. These orphaned columns are filled with background
characters.
Inserting characters (insch, for example) operates on a
character level (that is, at the character boundaries). The
specified character is inserted right before the character,
regardless of which column of a character the cursor points
to. Before insertion, the cursor position is adjusted to the
first column of the character.
As with inserting characters, deleting characters (delch,
for example) operates on a character level (that is, at the
character boundaries). The character at the cursor is
deleted whichever column of the character the cursor points
to. Before deletion, the cursor position is adjusted to the
first column of the character.
A multi-column character cannot be put on the last column of
a line. When such attempts are made, the last column is set
to the background character. In addition, when such an
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
operation creates orphaned columns, the orphaned columns are
filled with background characters.
Overlapping and overwriting a window follows the operation
of overwriting characters around its edge. The orphaned
columns, if any, are handled as in the character operations.
The cursor is allowed to be placed anywhere in a window. If
the insertion or deletion is made when the cursor points to
the second or later column position of a character that
holds multiple columns, the cursor is adjusted to the first
column of the character before the insertion or deletion.
Routine and Argument Names
Many curses routines have two or more versions. The routines
prefixed with w require a window argument. The routines pre-
fixed with p require a pad argument. Those without a prefix
generally use stdscr.
The routines prefixed with mv require an x and y coordinate
to move to before performing the appropriate action. The mv
routines imply a call to move(3CURSES) before the call to
the other routine. The coordinate y always refers to the row
(of the window), and x always refers to the column. The
upper left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1).
The routines prefixed with mvw take both a window argument
and x and y coordinates. The window argument is always
specified before the coordinates.
In each case, win is the window affected, and pad is the pad
affected; win and pad are always pointers to type WINDOW
Option setting routines require a Boolean flag bf with the
value TRUE or FALSE; bf is always of type bool. The vari-
ables ch and attrs below are always of type chtype. The
types WINDOW, SCREEN, bool, and chtype are defined in
<curses.h>. The type TERMINAL is defined in <term.h>. All
other arguments are integers.
Routine Name Index
The following table lists each curses routine and the name
of the manual page on which it is described.
curses Routine Name
Manual Page Name
addch curs_addch(3CURSES)
addchnstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
addchstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
addnstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
addnwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
addstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
addwch
curs_addwch(3CURSES)
addwchnstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
addwchstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
addwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
adjcurspos
curs_alecompat(3CURSES)
attroff
curs_attr(3CURSES)
attron
curs_attr(3CURSES)
attrset
curs_attr(3CURSES)
baudrate
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
beep curs_beep(3CURSES)
bkgd curs_bkgd(3CURSES)
bkgdset
curs_bkgd(3CURSES)
border
curs_border(3CURSES)
box curs_border(3CURSES)
can_change_color
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
curs_color(3CURSES)
cbreak
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
clear curs_clear(3CURSES)
clearok
curs_outopts(3CURSES)
clrtobot
curs_clear(3CURSES)
clrtoeol
curs_clear(3CURSES)
color_content
curs_color(3CURSES)
copywin
curs_overlay(3CURSES)
curs_set
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
def_prog_mode
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
def_shell_mode
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
del_curterm
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
delay_output
curs_util(3CURSES)
delch curs_delch(3CURSES)
deleteln
curs_deleteln(3CURSES)
delscreen
curs_initscr(3CURSES)
delwin
curs_window(3CURSES)
derwin
curs_window(3CURSES)
doupdate
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
curs_refresh(3CURSES)
dupwin
curs_window(3CURSES)
echo curs_inopts(3CURSES)
echochar
curs_addch(3CURSES)
echowchar
curs_addwch(3CURSES)
endwin
curs_initscr(3CURSES)
erase curs_clear(3CURSES)
erasechar
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
filter
curs_util(3CURSES)
flash curs_beep(3CURSES)
flushinp
curs_util(3CURSES)
getbegyx
curs_getyx(3CURSES)
getch curs_getch(3CURSES)
getmaxyx
curs_getyx(3CURSES)
getnwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
getparyx
curs_getyx(3CURSES)
getstr
curs_getstr(3CURSES)
getsyx
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
getwch
curs_getwch(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
getwin
curs_util(3CURSES)
getwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
getyx curs_getyx(3CURSES)
halfdelay
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
has_colors
curs_color(3CURSES)
has_ic
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
has_il
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
idcok curs_outopts(3CURSES)
idlok curs_outopts(3CURSES)
immedok
curs_outopts(3CURSES)
inch curs_inch(3CURSES)
inchnstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
inchstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
init_color
curs_color(3CURSES)
init_pair
curs_color(3CURSES)
initscr
curs_initscr(3CURSES)
innstr
curs_instr(3CURSES)
innwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
insch curs_insch(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
insdelln
curs_deleteln(3CURSES)
insertln
curs_deleteln(3CURSES)
insnstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
insnwstr
curs_inswstr(3CURSES)
insstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
instr curs_instr(3CURSES)
inswch
curs_inswch(3CURSES)
inswstr
curs_inswstr(3CURSES)
intrflush
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
inwch curs_inwch(3CURSES)
inwchnstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
inwchstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
inwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
is_linetouched
curs_touch(3CURSES)
is_wintouched
curs_touch(3CURSES)
isendwin
curs_initscr(3CURSES)
keyname
curs_util(3CURSES)
keypad
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
killchar
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
leaveok
curs_outopts(3CURSES)
longname
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
meta curs_inopts(3CURSES)
move curs_move(3CURSES)
movenextch
curs_alecompat(3CURSES)
moveprevch
curs_alecompat(3CURSES)
mvaddch
curs_addch(3CURSES)
mvaddchnstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
mvaddchstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
mvaddnstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
mvaddnwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
mvaddstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
mvaddwch
curs_addwch(3CURSES)
mvaddwchnstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
mvaddwchstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
mvaddwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
mvcur curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
mvdelch
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
curs_delch(3CURSES)
mvderwin
curs_window(3CURSES)
mvgetch
curs_getch(3CURSES)
mvgetnwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
mvgetstr
curs_getstr(3CURSES)
mvgetwch
curs_getwch(3CURSES)
mvgetwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
mvinch
curs_inch(3CURSES)
mvinchnstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
mvinchstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
mvinnstr
curs_instr(3CURSES)
mvinnwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
mvinsch
curs_insch(3CURSES)
mvinsnstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
mvinsnwstr
curs_inswstr(3CURSES)
mvinsstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
mvinstr
curs_instr(3CURSES)
mvinswch
curs_inswch(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
mvinswstr
curs_inswstr(3CURSES)
mvinwch
curs_inwch(3CURSES)
mvinwchnstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
mvinwchstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
mvinwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
mvprintw
curs_printw(3CURSES)
mvscanw
curs_scanw(3CURSES)
mvwaddch
curs_addch(3CURSES)
mvwaddchnstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
mvwaddchstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
mvwaddnstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
mvwaddnwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
mvwaddstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
mvwaddwch
curs_addwch(3CURSES)
mvwaddwchnstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
mvwaddwchstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
mvwaddwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
mvwdelch
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
curs_delch(3CURSES)
mvwgetch
curs_getch(3CURSES)
mvwgetnwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
mvwgetstr
curs_getstr(3CURSES)
mvwgetwch
curs_getwch(3CURSES)
mvwgetwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
mvwin curs_window(3CURSES)
mvwinch
curs_inch(3CURSES)
mvwinchnstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
mvwinchstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
mvwinnstr
curs_instr(3CURSES)
mvwinnwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
mvwinsch
curs_insch(3CURSES)
mvwinsnstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
mvwinsstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
mvwinstr
curs_instr(3CURSES)
mvwinswch
curs_inswch(3CURSES)
mvwinswstr
curs_inswstr(3CURSES)
SunOS 5.8 Last change: 31 Dec 1996 13
Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
mvwinwch
curs_inwch(3CURSES)
mvwinwchnstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
mvwinwchstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
mvwinwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
mvwprintw
curs_printw(3CURSES)
mvwscanw
curs_scanw(3CURSES)
napms curs_kernel(3CURSES)
newpad
curs_pad(3CURSES)
newterm
curs_initscr(3CURSES)
newwin
curs_window(3CURSES)
nl curs_outopts(3CURSES)
nocbreak
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
nodelay
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
noecho
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
nonl curs_outopts(3CURSES)
noqiflush
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
noraw curs_inopts(3CURSES)
notimeout
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
overlay
curs_overlay(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
overwrite
curs_overlay(3CURSES)
pair_content
curs_color(3CURSES)
pechochar
curs_pad(3CURSES)
pechowchar
curs_pad(3CURSES)
pnoutrefresh
curs_pad(3CURSES)
prefresh
curs_pad(3CURSES)
printw
curs_printw(3CURSES)
putp curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
putwin
curs_util(3CURSES)
qiflush
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
raw curs_inopts(3CURSES)
redrawwin
curs_refresh(3CURSES)
refresh
curs_refresh(3CURSES)
reset_prog_mode
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
reset_shell_mode
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
resetty
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
restartterm
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
ripoffline
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
SunOS 5.8 Last change: 31 Dec 1996 15
Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
savetty
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
scanw curs_scanw(3CURSES)
scr_dump
curs_scr_dump(3CURSES)
scr_init
curs_scr_dump(3CURSES)
scr_restore
curs_scr_dump(3CURSES)
scr_set
curs_scr_dump(3CURSES)
scroll
curs_scroll(3CURSES)
scrollok
curs_outopts(3CURSES)
set_curterm
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
set_term
curs_initscr(3CURSES)
setscrreg
curs_outopts(3CURSES)
setsyx
curs_kernel(3CURSES)
setterm
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
setupterm
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
slk_attroff
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_attron
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_attrset
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_clear
curs_slk(3CURSES)
SunOS 5.8 Last change: 31 Dec 1996 16
Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
slk_init
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_label
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_noutrefresh
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_refresh
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_restore
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_set
curs_slk(3CURSES)
slk_touch
curs_slk(3CURSES)
srcl curs_scroll(3CURSES)
standend
curs_attr(3CURSES)
standout
curs_attr(3CURSES)
start_color
curs_color(3CURSES)
subpad
curs_pad(3CURSES)
subwin
curs_window(3CURSES)
syncok
curs_window(3CURSES)
termattrs
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
termname
curs_termattrs(3CURSES)
tgetent
curs_termcap(3CURSES)
tgetflag
curs_termcap(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
tgetnum
curs_termcap(3CURSES)
tgetstr
curs_termcap(3CURSES)
tgoto curs_termcap(3CURSES)
tigetflag
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
tigetnum
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
tigetstr
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
timeout
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
touchline
curs_touch(3CURSES)
touchwin
curs_touch(3CURSES)
tparm curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
tputs curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
typeahead
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
unctrl
curs_util(3CURSES)
ungetch
curs_getch(3CURSES)
ungetwch
curs_getwch(3CURSES)
untouchwin
curs_touch(3CURSES)
use_env
curs_util(3CURSES)
vidattr
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
vidputs
SunOS 5.8 Last change: 31 Dec 1996 18
Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
curs_terminfo(3CURSES)
vwprintw
curs_printw(3CURSES)
vwscanw
curs_scanw(3CURSES)
waddch
curs_addch(3CURSES)
waddchnstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
waddchstr
curs_addchstr(3CURSES)
waddnstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
waddnwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
waddstr
curs_addstr(3CURSES)
waddwch
curs_addwch(3CURSES)
waddwchnstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
waddwchstr
curs_addwchstr(3CURSES)
waddwstr
curs_addwstr(3CURSES)
wadjcurspos
curs_alecompat(3CURSES)
wattroff
curs_attr(3CURSES)
wattron
curs_attr(3CURSES)
wattrset
curs_attr(3CURSES)
wbkgd curs_bkgd(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
wbkgdset
curs_bkgd(3CURSES)
wborder
curs_border(3CURSES)
wclear
curs_clear(3CURSES)
wclrtobot
curs_clear(3CURSES)
wclrtoeol
curs_clear(3CURSES)
wcursyncup
curs_window(3CURSES)
wdelch
curs_delch(3CURSES)
wdeleteln
curs_deleteln(3CURSES)
wechochar
curs_addch(3CURSES)
wechowchar
curs_addwch(3CURSES)
werase
curs_clear(3CURSES)
wgetch
curs_getch(3CURSES)
wgetnstr
curs_getstr(3CURSES)
wgetnwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
wgetstr
curs_getstr(3CURSES)
wgetwch
curs_getwch(3CURSES)
wgetwstr
curs_getwstr(3CURSES)
whline
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
curs_border(3CURSES)
winch curs_inch(3CURSES)
winchnstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
winchstr
curs_inchstr(3CURSES)
winnstr
curs_instr(3CURSES)
winnwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
winsch
curs_insch(3CURSES)
winsdelln
curs_deleteln(3CURSES)
winsertln
curs_deleteln(3CURSES)
winsnstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
winsnwstr
curs_inswstr(3CURSES)
winsstr
curs_insstr(3CURSES)
winstr
curs_instr(3CURSES)
winswch
curs_inswch(3CURSES)
winswstr
curs_inswstr(3CURSES)
winwch
curs_inwch(3CURSES)
winwchnstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
winwchstr
curs_inwchstr(3CURSES)
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Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
winwstr
curs_inwstr(3CURSES)
wmove curs_move(3CURSES)
wmovenextch
curs_alecompat(3CURSES)
wmoveprevch
curs_alecompat(3CURSES)
wnoutrefresh
curs_refresh(3CURSES)
wprintw
curs_printw(3CURSES)
wredrawln
curs_refresh(3CURSES)
wrefresh
curs_refresh(3CURSES)
wscanw
curs_scanw(3CURSES)
wscrl curs_scroll(3CURSES)
wsetscrreg
curs_outopts(3CURSES)
wstandend
curs_attr(3CURSES)
wstandout
curs_attr(3CURSES)
wsyncdown
curs_window(3CURSES)
wsyncup
curs_window(3CURSES)
wtimeout
curs_inopts(3CURSES)
wtouchln
curs_touch(3CURSES)
wvline
curs_border(3CURSES)
SunOS 5.8 Last change: 31 Dec 1996 22
Curses Library Functions curses(3CURSES)
RETURN VALUES
Routines that return an integer return ERR upon failure and
an integer value other than ERR upon successful completion,
unless otherwise noted in the routine descriptions.
All macros return the value of the w version, except
setscrreg(), wsetscrreg(), getyx(), getbegyx(), and get-
maxyx(). The return values of setscrreg(), wsetscrreg(),
getyx(), getbegyx(), and getmaxyx() are undefined (that is,
these should not be used as the right-hand side of assign-
ment statements).
Routines that return pointers return NULL on error.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| MT-Level | Unsafe |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
terminfo(4), attributes(5) and 3X pages whose names begin
with ``curs_'' for detailed routine descriptions.
NOTES
The header <curses.h> automatically includes the headers
<stdio.h> and <unctrl.h>.
SunOS 5.8 Last change: 31 Dec 1996 23
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