Linux man pages : groff_char (7)
GROFF_CHAR(7) GROFF_CHAR(7)
NAME
groff_char - groff character names
DESCRIPTION
This manual page lists the standard groff input characters. The output
characters in this document will look different depending on which out-
put device was chosen (with option -T for the man(1) program or the
roff formatter). Only the characters that are available for the device
that is being used to print or view this manual page will be displayed
(the device currently used is `ascii8').
In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
input and named characters for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms,
character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual
7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) code set.
On EBCDIC platforms, only the code page cp1047 is supported (which con-
tains the same characters as Latin-1). It is rather straightforward
(for the experienced user) to set up other 8bit encodings like Latin-2;
since groff will use Unicode in the next major version, no additional
encodings are provided.
All roff systems provide the concept of named characters. In tradi-
tional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also
provides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only
named characters are used for all characters outside of the 7-bit ASCII
range.
Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or
are printable versions of syntactical characters. They include \\, \',
\`, \-, \., and \e; see groff(7).
In groff, all of these different types of characters can be tested pos-
itively with the .if c conditional.
REFERENCE
In this section, the characters in groff are specified in tabular form.
The meaning of the columns is as follows.
Output shows how the character is printed for the current device;
although this can have quite a different shape on other devices,
it always represents the same glyph.
Input name
specifies how the character is input either directly by a key on
the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
Input code
applies to characters which can be input with a single charac-
ter, and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input char-
acter. Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Uni-
code characters; (including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127).
PostScript name
gives the usual PostScript name of the output character.
ASCII Characters
These are the basic characters having 7-bit ASCII code values. These
are identical to the first 127 characters of the character standards
ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Unicode (range C0 Controls and Basic Latin).
To save space, not every code has an entry in the following because the
following code ranges are well known.
0-32 Control characters (print as themselves).
48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
97-122 Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves).
127 Control character (prints as itself).
The remaining ranges constitute the printable, non-alphanumeric ASCII
characters; only these are listed below. As can be seen in the table
below, most of these characters print as themselves; the only excep-
tions are the following characters:
` the ISO Latin-1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left
single quotation mark,
' the ISO Latin-1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right sin-
gle quotation mark; the corresponding ISO Latin-1 characters can
be obtained with \` and \(aq.
- the ISO Latin-1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a
hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with \-.
~ the ISO Latin-1 `Tilde' (code 126); a larger glyph can be
obtained with \(ti.
^ the ISO Latin-1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94); a larger glyph
can be obtained with \(ha.
Output Input Input PostScript Notes
name code name
! ! 33 exclam
" " 34 quotedbl
# # 35 numbersign
$ $ 36 dollar
% % 37 percent
& & 38 ampersand
' ' 39 quoteright
( ( 40 parenleft
) ) 41 parenright
* * 42 asterisk
+ + 43 plus
, , 44 comma
- - 45 hyphen
. . 46 period
/ / 47 slash
: : 58 colon
; ; 59 semicolon
< < 60 less
= = 61 equal
> > 62 greater
? ? 63 question
@ @ 64 at
[ [ 91 bracketleft
\ \ 92 backslash
] ] 93 bracketright
^ ^ 94 circumflex circumflex accent
_ _ 95 underscore
` ` 96 quoteleft
{ { 123 braceleft
| | 124 bar
} } 125 braceright
~ ~ 126 tilde tilde accent
Latin-1 Special Characters
These characters have character codes between 128 and 255. They are
interpreted as characters according to the Latin-1 (iso-8859-1) code
set, being identical to the Unicode range C1 Controls and Latin-1 Sup-
plement.
128-159
the C1 Controls; they print as themselves, but the effect is
mostly undefined.
160 the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to `\ ', the escaped
space character.
173 the soft hyphen control character (prints as itself). groff
never use this character for output (thus it is omitted in the
table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto \%.
The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255), called the Latin-1 Supplement
in Unicode, are printable characters that print as themselves.
Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems
with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their named character
equivalent; see next section.
Output Input Input PostScript Notes
name code name
161 exclamdown inverted exclamation mark
162 cent
163 sterling
166 brokenbar
167 section 165 yen
168 dieresis
169 copyright
170 ordfeminine
171 guillemotleft
172 logicalnot
174 registered
175 macron
176 degree
! ! 177 plusminus
# # 178 twosuperior
% % 179 threesuperior
' ' 180 acute acute accent
) ) 181 mu micro sign
+ + 182 paragraph
- - 183 periodcentered
/ / 184 cedilla
1 1 185 onesuperior
3 3 186 ordmasculine
5 5 187 guillemotright
7 7 188 onequarter
9 9 189 onehalf
; ; 190 threequarters
= = 191 questiondown
? ? 192 Agrave
A A 193 Aacute
C C 194 Acircumflex
E E 195 Atilde
G G 196 Adieresis
I I 197 Aring
K K 198 AE
M M 199 Ccedilla
O O 200 Egrave
Q Q 201 Eacute
S S 202 Ecircumflex
U U 203 Edieresis
W W 204 Igrave
Y Y 205 Iacute
[ [ 206 Icircumflex
] ] 207 Idieresis
_ _ 208 Eth
a a 209 Ntilde
c c 210 Ograve
e e 211 Oacute
g g 212 Ocircumflex
i i 213 Otilde
k k 214 Odieresis
m m 215 multiply
o o 216 Oslash
q q 217 Ugrave
s s 218 Uacute
u u 219 Ucircumflex
w w 220 Udieresis
y y 221 Yacute
{ { 222 Thorn
} } 223 germandbls
224 agrave
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