STRTOUL(3)	       FreeBSD Library Functions Manual 	    STRTOUL(3)

NAME
     strtoul, strtoull, strtouq - convert a string to an unsigned long,
     unsigned long long, or u_quad_t integer

LIBRARY
     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     unsigned long
     strtoul(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

     unsigned long long
     strtoull(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     u_quad_t
     strtouq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION
     The strtoul() function converts the string in nptr to an unsigned long
     value.  The strtoull() function converts the string in nptr to an
     unsigned long long value.	The strtouq() function converts the string in
     nptr to a u_quad_t value.	The conversion is done according to the given
     base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value
     0.

     The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as deter-
     mined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `+' or `-' sign.  If
     base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ``0x'' prefix, and the
     number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10
     (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as
     8 (octal).

     The remainder of the string is converted to an unsigned long value in the
     obvious manner, stopping at the end of the string or at the first charac-
     ter that does not produce a valid digit in the given base.  (In bases
     above 10, the letter `A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, `B'
     represents 11, and so forth, with `Z' representing 35.)

     If endptr is not NULL, strtoul() stores the address of the first invalid
     character in *endptr.  If there were no digits at all, however, strtoul()
     stores the original value of nptr in *endptr.  (Thus, if *nptr is not
     `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string was valid.)

RETURN VALUES
     The strtoul() function returns either the result of the conversion or, if
     there was a leading minus sign, the negation of the result of the conver-
     sion, unless the original (non-negated) value would overflow; in the lat-
     ter case, strtoul() returns ULONG_MAX.  The strtoull() function returns
     either the result of the conversion or, if there was a leading minus
     sign, the negation of the result of the conversion, unless the original
     (non-negated) value would overflow; in the latter case, strtoull()
     returns ULLONG_MAX.  In all cases, errno is set to ERANGE.

ERRORS
     [ERANGE]		The given string was out of range; the value converted
			has been clamped.

SEE ALSO
     strtol(3)

STANDARDS
     The strtoul() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (``ISO C89'').  The
     strtoull() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (``ISO C99'').  The BSD
     strtouq() function is deprecated.

BUGS
     Ignores the current locale.

FreeBSD 4.8			 June 4, 1993			   FreeBSD 4.8