STRTOL(3)	       FreeBSD Library Functions Manual 	     STRTOL(3)

NAME
     strtol, strtoll, strtoq - convert a string value to a long, long long, or
     quad_t integer

LIBRARY
     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     long
     strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

     long long
     strtoll(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     quad_t
     strtoq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION
     The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long value.  The
     strtoll() function converts the string in nptr to a long long value.  The
     strtoq() function converts the string in nptr to a quad_t value.  The
     conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2
     and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

     The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as deter-
     mined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `+' or `-' sign.  If
     base is zero or 16, the string may then include a `0x' prefix, and the
     number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10
     (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as
     8 (octal).

     The remainder of the string is converted to a long value in the obvious
     manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the
     given base.  (In bases above 10, the letter `A' in either upper or lower
     case represents 10, `B' represents 11, and so forth, with `Z' represent-
     ing 35.)

     If endptr is non nil, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid
     character in *endptr.  If there were no digits at all, however, strtol()
     stores the original value of nptr in *endptr.  (Thus, if *nptr is not
     `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string was valid.)

RETURN VALUES
     The strtol() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the
     value would underflow or overflow.  If an underflow occurs, strtol()
     returns LONG_MIN.	If an overflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MAX.  The
     strtoll() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the value
     would underflow or overflow.  If an underflow occurs, strtoll() returns
     LLONG_MIN.  If an overflow occurs, strtoll() returns LLONG_MAX.  In all
     cases, errno is set to ERANGE.

ERRORS
     [ERANGE]		The given string was out of range; the value converted
			has been clamped.

SEE ALSO
     atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtoul(3)

STANDARDS
     The strtol() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (``ISO C89'').  The
     strtoll() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (``ISO C99'').  The BSD
     strtoq() function is deprecated.

BUGS
     Ignores the current locale.

FreeBSD 4.8			 June 4, 1993			   FreeBSD 4.8